Part 1

• Conservation Strategies of Endangered Species in the Urbanized Landscape Ari Susanti Universitas Gadjah Mada Bekti Larasati Erlis Saputra Fitriansyah Jany Tri Raharjo Puput Wahyu Budiman Rahmat Aris Pratomo Rijanta Rosalina Kumalawati Stevie Vista Nissauqodry Wardatutthoyyibah

  The Proboscis monkeys have become one of the endemic and endangered species in Kalimantan because of their sensitivity to habitat changes. The development of the new capital city could influence the land cover dynamics and their habitat. This research aims to investigate which factors influence the presence of the Proboscis Monkey and how this information can support its conservation strategies in the urbanized landscape. This research occurred within the forthcoming capital city in East Kalimantan. Secondary data collection included spatial data and other relevant technical documents, while primary data included ground truthing and interviews on the presence of Proboscis monkeys and land cover. The land cover classification used supervised maximum likelihood, while habitat distribution analysis used Maxent with environmental information grids as inputs. The results indicated that the mangrove forests, as the original habitats of the monkeys, have been experiencing substantial changes and forced the monkeys to adapt and occupy other types of land uses/covers. These results suggested incorporating wildlife and biodiversity conservation with forest management and broader regional planning. Rise in environmental awareness, rehabilitation of degraded forests, and implementation of payment for environmental services could become efforts to maintain habitat connectivity in the urbanized landscape.

• Energy Systems at Risk: The Impact of Urbanization in Growing Cities Surrounding Indonesia’s New Capital City Development Area Erlis Saputra Janwillem Liebrand Kei Otsuki Rijanta Rijanta Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari Utrecht University

  Indonesia’s new capital, Nusantara, aims to be a sustainable city, fully powered by renewable energy. This vision contrasts with its location in East Kalimantan, a major producer of fossil fuels. However, the city’s construction has sparked rapid, unplanned urbanization in the surrounding areas. The influx of migrant workers, followed by spontaneous migrants, has increased regional energy demand, leaning more towards fossil fuels instead of the promised renewable energy, potentially straining energy security.

  This research traces the flow of three primary commodified energy materials: fuel oil, cooking gas, and electricity. The aim is to understand the complex, interrelated urban energy systems involving both formal and informal actors. Energy security issues are perceived as the increase in exposure and vulnerability in the current urban energy systems. Several in-depth interviews were conducted with both formal and informal actors. These were followed by content analysis and descriptive qualitative analysis. The results show that rapid urbanization, along with the corresponding expansion in fossil fuel-based power plants and mining, has increased the vulnerability of energy systems. This expansion has led to environmental damage and socio-economic changes. While the growth of energy production capacity has created exclusion, this study also found that local communities manage their energy needs amidst these challenges. The rise of electric scooters and self-owned rooftop solar panels in the surrounding growing cities underscores informal practices that enhance energy security and facilitate the transition to renewable energy. These findings highlight the need for a more inclusive and resilient approach to urban energy management.

• Feeding the New Capital City: Investigating the Food Sovereignty in The New Capital City of Indonesia Agung Jauhari Utrecht University

  Indonesia is on the course of developing a new capital city, Nusantara, in Sepaku Subdistrict, East Kalimantan. This area is barely known, although several policy advances have been in place for decades, from timber extraction, industrial forestry, transmigration, coal mining, and palm oil plantation. The transformation of landscape patterns often massively influences the indigenous food system, which, on a broader scale, also contributes to food insecurity. Therefore, the government’s craving to maintain the Nusantara capital city to feed the population self-sufficiently has been questioned since, in 2045, there will be more than 2 million people, 50 times compared to the current population. This research investigates food sovereignty in the New Capital City. This research will employ qualitative methods and geospatial technology to reveal the impact of the New Capital City development in Indonesia on food sovereignty, socio-economic relations with the people, and government policy.

• Sultans’ Lands in the New Capital? Laurens Bakker University of Amsterdam

  The history of East Kalimantan is strongly interwoven with the existence of multiple smaller and some large sultanates. Whereas seized to exist as sovereign entities in the colonial era and were incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia upon Indonesia’s independence, notions of these sultanates continued to exist and -to this day- descendants of the sultan families are alive and representing their ancestors. Whereas they generally have no official function in government, they often have a ceremonial role in society.

Part 2

• Mei Christhy Dayak Activist
• Aspiring Progress - Anticipating Repression: Indigenous Communities’ Ambivalent Stance towards the New Capital Michaela Haug University of Freiburg

  This presentation explores the hopes and concerns of rural, indigenous communities regarding the new capital, mainly based on the results of a survey conducted in the upper and middle Mahakam in 2021. The results provide important insights into the atmosphere of expectation that prevails among residents of areas that are not directly affected by the construction of the IKN, but who nevertheless assume that the new capital will have a major impact on their lives. Many people are proud that the new capital city is going to be built on their doorstep and hope that progress will come to the province along with new economic opportunities, health and education facilities, and improved infrastructure (e.g., roads, Internet access, and flight network). However, they also fear potential environmental pollution, social conflicts, and the negative impacts of (extractive) industries and investment activities pushing into the hinterland. The resulting ambivalent attitude towards the new capital corresponds to an ambivalence towards progress in general that pervades indigenous people’s lives in East Kalimantan.

• Contested River: Exploring the Impact of Infrastructure on Indigenous Water (In)Security Vandy Yoga Swara Utrecht University

  Examining the Sepaku River Intake and Normalisation Project in the context of Indonesia’s capital city relocation from Jakarta to the hinterlands of Kalimantan, my presentation explores the ambivalent nature of infrastructure in the new city-making process. By highlighting the process of infrastructuralisation of the Sepaku River to meet the water needs of the planned new city, we document its implications for water insecurity and uncertainty among the Balik indigenous group, who have long inhabited the riverbank. This intervention modifies the river’s flow patterns, widening and damming, limiting the Indigenous access to the river, which has long been integral to their identity. Engaging with the concept of infrastructural violence, this paper outlines how water infrastructure prioritised for securing water supply paradoxically creates water insecurity for some, disrupting the hydrosocial relations of the Indigenous community. We conclude that infrastructure has turned the river into a contested arena, prompting indigenous resistance that mobilises broader social actors to defend its hydrosocial territory.

• Ibu Kota Nusantara and the Dynamics of Indigeneity Politics Ajarani Mangkujati University of Bonn

  Since President Joko Widodo in 2019 officially announced to move the Indonesian Capital (Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN) from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, the eyes of Indonesian people and also the world have given their attention to the Sepaku area in Paser Panajam Utara regency. From 2045 onwards, the Republic of Indonesia will be completely controlled from this area, according to President Widodo’s ambition.

Abstract